p.
123
Medical and Social Aspects of Morbidity in Childhood
The article is devoted to the review of data on morbidity, mortality and disability in childhood. It is noted that
unfavorable social and economic processes affect health of children from poor families. According to the Scientifi c Center
of Children’s Health (RAMS), 30 % of children under 6 years are not ready to learn. Half of pupils have disorders
in support-motor apparatus, one third – in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, 70 % of children have hypodynamia.
By graduation every second child has disorders in support-motor apparatus.
It is stated that the worst health and the most signifi cant growth of (1,5 times) morbidity occurs in the age
group of 15–17 years. As a result, only 10 % of teenagers and pupils can be considered healthy; 50 % have functional
deviations, 40 % of individuals have chronic pathology. It is found that fi rst ranking places by frequency of diseases
among Russian children take diseases of: blood and blood-forming organs – 32 %; endocrine system – 31 %; supportmotor
apparatus – 26.5 %; digestive diseases – 24.7 %; and circulatory system – 24 %.
The number of children with persistent disorders in health is increasing. For the last decade, childhood disability
increased by 4 times in Russia. Congenital malformations, diseases of the nervous system and mental disorders take
leading place in the structure of the primary childhood disability. Among the diseases of nervous system the main cause
of child disability is cerebral palsy (CP), the prevalence of which is 2–2.5 cases per 1000 children.
The deterioration of the environmental situation is another important risk factor. In many cities of Russia, the
level of air pollution 5 times exceeds the maximum permissible concentration, which leads to the development (1.8 times
more often) of respiratory diseases among children.
Overcoming barriers to the use of health services (the problem of accessibility, acceptability, cultural and
traditional preferences, trust in quality of services, promotion of knowledge of health) is challenging. There is data of
effectiveness of comprehensive, regular outreach teams to increase health services coverage.
unfavorable social and economic processes affect health of children from poor families. According to the Scientifi c Center
of Children’s Health (RAMS), 30 % of children under 6 years are not ready to learn. Half of pupils have disorders
in support-motor apparatus, one third – in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, 70 % of children have hypodynamia.
By graduation every second child has disorders in support-motor apparatus.
It is stated that the worst health and the most signifi cant growth of (1,5 times) morbidity occurs in the age
group of 15–17 years. As a result, only 10 % of teenagers and pupils can be considered healthy; 50 % have functional
deviations, 40 % of individuals have chronic pathology. It is found that fi rst ranking places by frequency of diseases
among Russian children take diseases of: blood and blood-forming organs – 32 %; endocrine system – 31 %; supportmotor
apparatus – 26.5 %; digestive diseases – 24.7 %; and circulatory system – 24 %.
The number of children with persistent disorders in health is increasing. For the last decade, childhood disability
increased by 4 times in Russia. Congenital malformations, diseases of the nervous system and mental disorders take
leading place in the structure of the primary childhood disability. Among the diseases of nervous system the main cause
of child disability is cerebral palsy (CP), the prevalence of which is 2–2.5 cases per 1000 children.
The deterioration of the environmental situation is another important risk factor. In many cities of Russia, the
level of air pollution 5 times exceeds the maximum permissible concentration, which leads to the development (1.8 times
more often) of respiratory diseases among children.
Overcoming barriers to the use of health services (the problem of accessibility, acceptability, cultural and
traditional preferences, trust in quality of services, promotion of knowledge of health) is challenging. There is data of
effectiveness of comprehensive, regular outreach teams to increase health services coverage.
risk factors; morbidity of children; inequality in health